The Central Government launched the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) on 24 August 2024, to provide financial security to government employees after retirement. The scheme is set to commence on 1st April 2025 and is expected to benefit 23 lakh Central Government employees. The UPS scheme offers an alternative to the existing National Pension System (NPS), and once employees choose the UPS, their decision is permanent and cannot be reversed.
Under the Unified Pension Scheme, retired employees with 25 years of service will receive 50% of their average basic pay from the final year before retirement. Employees with 10 to 25 years of service will be granted a proportionate pension, calculated based on their total years of service.
Table of Contents:
Highlights of the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS)
The table below gives an overview of the Unified Pension Scheme:
| Scheme Name | Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) |
|---|---|
| Announced on | 24 August 2024 |
| Implementation Date | 1st April 2025 |
| Beneficiaries | Central Government employees |
| Employee Contribution | 10% of basic salary + dearness allowance |
| Employer Contribution | 18.5% of basic salary + dearness allowance |
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UPS Scheme Eligibility Criteria
Government employees who meet the following conditions are eligible for benefits under the UPS:
- Employees with at least 10 years of service are eligible for a fixed pension amount.
- Employees with at least 25 years of service are eligible to receive a percentage of their average basic pay as a pension.
- Employees currently covered under the National Pension System (NPS), including those opting for the Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) under the NPS.
Features & Benefits of UPS
The table below presents the key features and benefits of the Unified Pension Scheme:
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Assured Pension |
|
| Government Contribution | The government contributes 18.5% of employees' basic salaries, while employees contribute 10%. |
| Assured Family Pension | In case of a pensioner's death, the spouse receives 60% of the pension the retiree was receiving. |
| Assured Minimum Pension | Employees with 10 years of service receive a minimum pension of ₹10,000 per month upon superannuation. |
| Inflation Indexation | All pensions (assured, family, minimum) are adjusted for inflation based on the Dearness Relief (DR) linked to AICPI-IW. |
| Lump Sum Payment | Retirees receive a lump sum and gratuity, equivalent to one-tenth of monthly payments (pay + DA) for every six months of completed service. |
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Returns of Unified Pension Scheme
The UPS scheme ensures a secure pension for government employees upon retirement, offering the following returns:
- Employer and employee contributions: Employers contribute 18.5% of the employee’s basic salary plus dearness allowance, while employees contribute 10% of their basic salary plus dearness allowance on a monthly basis.
- Pension for 25+ years of service: Employees who retire with at least 25 years of service will receive 50% of their average basic pay drawn during the last 12 months before retirement as a pension.
- Pension for 10+ years of service: Employees who retire after at least 10 years of service will receive a fixed pension of ₹10,000 per month after retirement.
Unified Pension Scheme vs. NPS
The following table highlights the key differences between the UPS and NPS in terms of contributions, pension amounts, and other benefits.
| Particulars | Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) | National Pension System (NPS) |
|---|---|---|
| Employer's Contribution | Employers contribute 18.5% of the basic salary to the pension fund. | Employers contribute 14% of the basic salary to the pension fund |
| Pension Amount | 50% of the average basic pay from the last 12 months before retirement for employees with 25 years of service. | Pension depends on investment returns and accumulated corpus; no fixed amount. |
| Family Pension | 60% of the pension the retiree was receiving before death is provided to the family. | Based on accumulated corpus and chosen annuity plan. |
| Minimum Pension Amount | Minimum Rs. 10,000 per month for employees with at least 10 years of service. | Pension depends on the performance of market-linked investments. |
| Inflation Protection | Pensions are inflation-protected with adjustments based on AICPI-IW. | NPS does not offer automatic inflation protection through DA increments. |
Check other useful calculators from below:
| National Pension System | NPS Online Payment |
|---|---|
| NPS Eligibility | NPS Tax Benefits |
| NPS Returns | NPS vs. Aatal Pension Yojana |
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Besides UPS, you can also check and invest in other retirement schemes and other saving schemes with better returns. Check the table below with links for details:
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Frequently Asked Questions
The UPS is a pension scheme introduced for Central Government employees. It offers a guaranteed pension based on the employee’s service length and average salary during the last year before retirement.
Under UPS, the pension is calculated as 50% of the average basic salary plus dearness allowance (DA) drawn in the last 12 months before retirement. Employees with at least 25 years of service are eligible for this pension scheme.
No, the UPS scheme is exclusively for Central Government employees and does not apply to private sector employees.
Yes, the UPS provides a lump sum payment at retirement, calculated as one-tenth of the last drawn monthly salary (including DA) for every six months of service. This does not affect the pension amount.
OPS provides a pension of 50% of the last drawn salary plus DA. In UPS, the pension is based on the average basic salary plus DA from the last 12 months, which can result in a slightly lower pension if a promotion is received shortly before retirement. Unlike OPS, UPS also requires employee contributions.
UPS offers a guaranteed pension, while NPS is based on market-linked returns and does not guarantee a fixed pension amount. The choice depends on individual preferences for guaranteed benefits versus potential higher returns based on investments.
Key features of a Unified Pension Scheme include a guaranteed pension, a minimum pension of Rs. 10,000 for 10+ years of service, inflation protection, employee and government contributions, a family pension, and a lump sum payment at retirement.
The UPS scheme will come into effect on 1 April 2025.
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